Timeline page 176-226

1962- Marshall McLuhan writes "The Gutenberg Galaxy"
-used paradigm shifts sparked by the printing press to understand the changes which new media will inspire.

1964- Marshall McLuhan writes "Understanding the Medium"
-he famously writes "the medium is the message" stating that technology is not a tool but has a meaning of its own.
-states that technology should be studied on its own terms.

late 60's early 70's - Billy Kluver and others found E.A.T. (Experiments in Art and Technology) a collective in which artists like Robert Rauschenberg, John Cage, and Jean Tinguely experimented with new technologies, performance, and interaction in artworks.